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Some interesting research on the best ways to displace petroleum with biomass

For past couple of decades, most of the efforts to use renewable biomass to replace oil, natural gas and coal have revolved around liquid fuels, particularly ethanol and biodiesel. New research indicates that may not be the best approach to take.

Because most people in America today are sadly lacking in useful science education, they are unaware how much petroleum and gas is used in the production of chemical products like plastics and synthetic fabrics among many other things. The connection between petroleum and transportation is much more visible and obvious to the under-educated masses so when the time came to reduce petroleum use, biofuels seemed the obvious first and easy choice.

While organic chemicals like plastics and synthetic fibers are based on base carbon-hydrogen molecules just like fossil fuels, they are actually significantly different. The chemicals are based on long chains of thousands of the base molecules.

Initially most biofuels were derived from corn kernels and soy beans by fermenting the relatively simple sugar molecules to produce alcohols that were closer in structure to the petroleum fuels. Unfortunately the yields of fuel from these feed stocks was far too low to make the kind of difference needed in petroleum consumption.

In recent years, the emphasis for fuel production has shifted to converting cellulosic biomass to ethanol. A corn plant contains far more biomass in its stalk and husks than it does in the kernels but it exists in the form of cellulose which is essentially a natural polymer with long carbon-hydrogen chains. Before this material can be used to produce a liquid fuel, it has to be broken down into base sugars which requires either some more energy input or the use of enzymes which remain expensive. The liquid fuel production process also consumes vast quantities of fresh water.

Since natural biomass is already much closer in structure to some of the materials produced from oil, it seems probable that the conversion process should be much easier than producing fuels. In some cases, the natural fibers can even be useful without chemical conversion such as using hemp fibers for a wide variety of applications.

Another prime example of using biomass for chemical processes is the use of soy-based polyols to produce foams. Ford has been a leader in this area and it began rolling out soy-foam seats in its vehicles in 2007. Hyundai is now starting to use soy-foam as well.

Perhaps the combination of battery, fuel cell and advanced internal combustion engines running on gas and diesel can be blended with biomass derived plastics, foams and fabrics to make a bigger overall impact on energy use than biofuels.

#cars #biomass #biofuels #energy #green

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Green Car Congress: Researchers argue that the optimal use of biomass as a renewable resource is for production of select chemicals, not power, heat or fuels
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Time for some crowd sourcing

Anyone out there with a 2009 or later VW diesel with a DSG transmission?

We've got a 2010 Jetta TDI with a DSG that is experiencing an intermittent high idle problem. Most of the time it idles at about 800 rpm. But from time to time it tries to run at about 1,000 rpm. When that happens, and you stop with the brake applied, it seems to surge and seems to want to pull away. In my own experience as an auto writer with some other recent Golf and Jetta diesels I never experienced this in other vehicles. The dealer is claiming this is normal but I'm dubious. FWIW, there are no faults set or warning lights, so whatever it is within spec but probably just barely.

Has anyone else experienced similar behavior?

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100 years of silt blasting out the hole when the dam first opens!

100 years of silt blasting out the hole when the dam first opens!

Reshared post from +Bob Goyetche

WOW

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Dam breached, reservoir drained
kottke.org …is a weblog about the liberal arts 2.0 edited by Jason Kottke since March 1998 (archives). You can read about me and kottke.org here. If you've got questions, concerns, or interestin…

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It seems a group of senators have proposed constitutional amendment that would allow…

It seems a group of senators have proposed constitutional amendment that would allow legislatures to limit campaign spending.

Driven by the absolutely disgraceful Citizens United ruling in the US Supreme Court, the idea of corporate "personhood" has reached untenable levels. The proposed amendment seems like a very good first step but we need an amendment that goes even further and completely obliterates this fundamentally flawed idea.

If corporation is going to be granted the privileges and rights of being treated as a person, then it must also be subject to all of the responsibilities and consequences including being subject to criminal prosecution and penalties for violating the law.

Unfortunately, in this age of governance by the Koch brothers and their ilk, the chances of any such amendment passing are almost nonexistent.

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Have we finally reached the tipping point on corporate personhood, and the role of corporations in influencing U.S. elections?
I never got around to mentioning it last week, but Democratic Senators Tom Udall, Michael Bennet, Tom Harkin, Dick Durbin, Chuck Schumer, Sh

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This is so very true especially for those of that actually live in regions for four… 1

This is so very true especially for those of that actually live in regions for four complete seasons!

Reshared post from +Brian Brushwood

This made me laugh out loud for 18 seconds:

http://imgur.com/gallery/FOuCq

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end of autumn.. – Imgur
Imgur is used to share photos with social networks and online communities, and has the funniest pictures from all over the Internet.

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This is awesomely weird and wonderful

This is awesomely weird and wonderful

Reshared post from +Trey Ratcliff

Fake and Abandoned Disneyworld video…

This is kind of a strange video… some footage of what I saw there… taking some photos… and other strange bits. Enjoy!

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It's never a surprise to see inauthentic versions famous western products when…

It's never a surprise to see inauthentic versions famous western products when visiting China.

While watches, bags, consumer electronics are commonplace, what you might not expect is an entire theme park. After +Trey Ratcliff posted an image of an incomplete castle https://plus.google.com/u/0/105237212888595777019/posts/TZ7c2v15t6d at a faux Disneyland near Beijing, I remembered some photos I took during during my trip to China in April 2010 for the auto show. Unfortunately I only saw the facility from the window of a bus that was transporting us and the shots I took were through the window. I figured I'd share some of my images while we wait for +Trey Ratcliff to post more of his undoubtedly superior shots.

In album fake chinese disneyland (7 photos)

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Very cool video that explains some of the behind the scenes technology developed…

Very cool video that explains some of the behind the scenes technology developed to shoot the Hobbit in 3D. In order to get the correct interoccular distance between the adjacent cameras, special rigs had to be built to mount the cameras at 90 degree angle with one shooting the image from a mirror.

Because of the all the different ways they are shooting including hand-held, steadi-cam and boom rigs, they have different mounts for each setup. Fortunately, the advent of digital cinema cameras like the Red One and now the 5K Red Epic, the size and cost has come down dramatically compared to what it would have been 15-20 years ago. As a result, the crew has 48 cameras set up in pairs on different mounts.

Because Peter Jackson planned to shoot in digital 3D from the beginning, he's been able to factor that into the way shots are set up so that hopefully the 3D will actually enhance the story-telling rather than just be a gimmick. The video is definitely worth watching.

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Peter Jackson reveals the Red Epic secrets behind The Hobbit (video)
Engadget

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